Comparative Analysis of precast and cast-in-place reinforced concrete building frame.

ENECA specialists have conducted a comparative analysis of a precast and cast-in-place reinforced concrete building frames.
As a comparison, we have chosen one of the sections of a multi-storey multi-sectional reinforced concrete building.
Both variants have the same cast-in-place foundation, while the frame of the building above the ground floor is designed in two versions: precast and cast-in-place.

Frame of the building above the ground floor is designed in two versions
   

Precast Frame Tekla model The precast reinforced concrete frame is made of concrete C20/25 and consists of: · External walls made of three-layer panels 305 mm thick; · Interior walls made of single-layer panel 200mm thick ; · Precast, hollow-core, prestressed reinforced concrete slabs 220 mm thick; · Cast-in-place parts for the floor slabs.	Cast-in-place frame Revit model The cast-in-place frame is made of C25/30 concrete and consists  of walls 200 and 250 mm thick,floor and roof   slabs 200 mm thick, as well as cast-in-place reinforced concrete beams. External walls are made of 3D bricks and insulation.

Use of BIM for the Comparative Analysis

The use of 3D, 4D and 5D BIM

Architects and structural engineers carried out the structural analysis and the section of the building was modeled using 3D BIM software. Tekla was used to model the precast frame, while Revit was used for the cast-in-place version of the frame.

Then, the 3D BIM models were exported from
Tekla to IFC format, and bx3 format was used for export from Revit. The models were imported in Bexel Manager for 4D and 5D BIM.

Comparison Results Data

The construction of the cast-in-place concrete frame will cost more, and the construction period will be almost 5 times longer in comparison to the precast concrete frame, as illustrated below.

Cost of 1m2 of total area, $	Labour intencity, man-hours	Construction duration, days
Taking into account the outside finish, the cost of the cast-in-place concrete frame exceeds the cost of the precast concrete frame by almost 5%.	From the labour intensity point of view, the construction of the cast-in-place frame, taking into consideration  the outside finish, will take almost 5 times more man-hours.	The construction duration of the cast-in-place frame building, taking into account the outside finish, will take up to 266 days in comparison  to 56 days needed for the precast frame.

Cost Components Comparison
The pie charts below illustrate percentage ratio between cost components of each reinforced concrete frame versions

Precast
Materials for the construction of the precast concrete frame account for 95%. Salary and Machines and mechanisms account for 4% and 1%of the total funding respectively.
A change in the hourly rate of workers or a change in the construction equipment leasing terms will not have a significant impact on the cost of the precast frame erection.
The main financial burden is associated with the materials (concrete and reinforcement).
A change in the pricing policy of a precast concrete production plant will lead to a significant change in the cost of the precast concrete frame.


Cast-in-place
During the erection of the cast-in-place frame, Materials account for 80%, and for Salary and Machines and mechanisms 17% and 3%, respectively.
A change in the hourly rate of workers or a change in the construction equipment leasing terms will have a moderate impact on the cast-in-place frame construction.
The main financial burden is associated with the materials (concrete and reinforcement).
A change in the market prices/delivery conditions for concrete and reinforcement will result in a significant change in the cost of cast-in-place concrete frame.


Conclusion
In conclusion 3D, 4D and 5D BIM not only assisted our specialists in comparing the cost and duration of the multi-storey building construction both effectively and visually, but also enabled to give reasonable recommendations to all concerned parties.
As a result of the comparative analysis between the use of precast and cast-in-place versions of the multi-storey building frame it was concluded that the construction of the cast-in-place concrete frame will cost more, and the construction period will be almost 5 times longer in comparison to the precast concrete frame.